Additional data indicate adequate reliability and validity of a four-item version of the PSS for telephone interviews. When compared to a depressive symptomatology scale, the PSS was found to measure a different and independently predictive construct. In all comparisons, the PSS was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life-event scores. The PSS showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance. ![]() This paper presents evidence from three samples, two of college students and one of participants in a community smoking-cessation program, for the reliability and validity of a 14-item instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful.
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